Endocrine Abstracts

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) metabolic fingerprints differ according to the individual’s BMI and glycemic status. GLP-1 and Glucagon are two hormones that participate in energy homeostasis and glycemic control. Dual GLP-1/Glucagon agonists are a drug class under development for obesity and diabetes treatment. Although the pancreas and the liver are considered major GLP-1 and glucagon targets, these hormones act in other tissues, which could contribute for its effects on ...

Obesity incidence is increasing globally at an alarming rate, particularly amongst children and young adults. Male obesity has been linked with a reduction in sperm quality and consequently decreased fertilization rates. Seminal vesicles are considered fundamental for male fertility and though for men’s health. Vesicle seminal secretion contributes to a significant volume of seminal fluid, being extremely important for semen coagulation and sperm motility. Recent studies ...

Metabolic diseases represent a threatening worldwide epidemic that affects the entire body. It is known that metabolic diseases, namely diabetes, and obesity affect spermatogenesis via suppressing testosterone synthesis, inducing oxidative stress and other changes that lead to decreased male fertility. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists, like liraglutide, are pharmacological agents recommended to normalize glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus....

Metabolic disorders, such as overweight and obesity, are serious health societal challenges due to their high incidence rates. Obesity leads to metabolic dysregulation, promoting hormonal imbalance, oxidative stress, and a chronic inflammation state. Eating habits towards the intake of highly caloric fat-rich regimes induce epigenetic changes in the information transgenerationally transmitted. Furthermore, obesity promotes carcinogenesis. It is known that the prostate is sensi...

Introduction: There are several endocrine causes of hyponatremia. SIADH is perhaps the most challenging, as patients do not always respond to initial correction measures and pharmacological treatment options are scarce. Urea is a viable option, but not commonly used.Methods: Analysis of patients with SIADH-induced hyponatremia (<135mEq/l) treated with urea per os in the Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto between August 2021 and Octobe...

Introduction: Bilateral adrenal masses may appear in the context of metastatic disease, adrenal congenital hyperplasia, primary tumors or infections, among others. Primary adrenal lymphoma is rare, accounting for approximately 1% of cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Clinical case: 47-year-old woman, with a history of erythema nodosum and left hemithyroidectomy in the context of benign nodular disease. She presented with persistent fever and tiredne...

Low testosterone levels are one of the causes of male infertility since testosterone is a crucial hormone for the regular functioning of the male reproductive tract. Testosterone is produced by Leydig cells (LC) in a process called testicular steroidogenesis, and if these cells are injured in any way, then the steroid production may be compromised. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are a group of substances that disturbs hormonal signaling. Their chemical nature and mode o...

Introduction: Pheochromocytoma is one of the major secondary causes of hypertension. The classic triad of pheochromocytoma symptoms of headache, sweating and tachycardia is not present in a high percentage of patients and is sometimes diagnosed as incidentaloma or atypical presentations.Case report: The authors present a 56-year-old man, with no known diseases, referred to Endocrinology evaluation by incidentaloma of the right adrenal gland, from the Pne...

In the last years estrogens have emerged as important regulators in male reproductive function. Spermatogenesis depends on the tight control of germ cell apoptosis and several studies indicated estrogens as playing a role in this process. The stem cell factor (SCF), a membrane-bound cytokine, and its receptor (c-kit), and the Fas ligand (FasL)/Fas receptor (FasR) system are powerful mechanisms controlling germ cell proliferation and apoptosis through the direct membrane commun...

Introduction: Bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia is a rare cause of Cushing’s syndrome (CS) characterized by multiple adrenal nodules >1 cm. It can be diagnosed in patients with overt CS but is more often diagnosed incidentally, especially in the 5th or 6th decades of life.Clinical case: 61-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia treated with metformin+sitagliptin 1000/50 mg bid, valsartan+hydrochlorot...